Watches and clocks, our ancient companions

Until a few decades ago, the watch was our basic need, tying a watch on the wrist had become a part of the culture, the use of watches decreased with the passage of time.

Clocks in 19th-century Pakistan are now mostly seen at wedding ceremonies. While the mobile phone eliminated many other items, these time-telling devices were also made part of history.

The clock is a device that plays a key role in measuring the distances of time, these are passengers of a fixed period, day and night. Several hundred years ago, man's efforts to measure time were limited to knowing the shadows created by the movement of the sun, moon and stars. With the passage of time, not only did the size of the watches become smaller, but their beauty and innovation also improved. Along with the table clock, watches kept in pockets and tied on the wrist were made. In the making of beautiful watches, France took advantage of everyone, which started introducing famous watches in the 16th century. Germany's table clock was also famous in the world. Augsburg and Nuremberg were famous centers. Vienna also gained fame in decorative watches. And in one of our districts, Haji Abdul Rashid Qadeer, sitting at the gate of a high school, made watch parts using his tools, sand, sandals and saw cutters in the 1970s and ran the clock regularly.

Shadow Clock

In the distant past, the pillars standing straight, the shadows formed on the earth in the opposite direction of the sun were used to measure time. The path of motion of the shadows of the sats was marked constantly, it was difficult to estimate the rise and sunset, but the afternoon was estimated from the smallest shadow, the clock could be estimated from the height of these shadows and not from the movement of the shadows, which were in the direction of east and west. The watch was actually an ancient but small Egyptian device. It was used in 800 BC. The Egyptians also used another type of "sun clock" during this period.

Water clocks

are also used in Egyptian history, they were usually like stone pots and other objects (such as pots, etc.), there was a small hole in their pan, it was filled with water, a vertical scale was placed inside it, as soon as the water fell down, it was measured, that is, how much water was reduced in how long. The water level was constantly noted. As the pressure of the water decreased, due to the conical structure of this vessel, the speed of the fall of the water decreased. Since the length of the day was also decreased due to the change of seasons, a separate scale was made for each month. Both of these, the "shadow clock" and the "water clock" were introduced from Egypt to the kingdoms of Greece and Rome before BC. The Greeks improved the structure of the "water clock". They kept the water level the same while keeping the size of the vessel extremely small. The pot was filled with water all the time through the water coming from a tub. The water from this small vessel used to fall into a cylinder, the surface of the water in this cylinder was a floating body, as soon as it was high, it used to help rotate the dial with the help of a rack. These water clocks continued to be used even after the start of the Christian calendar. When the oil started decreasing due to burning in the lamp, it also estimated the time, how long the oil burns, with the help of it, some of the time passed was known.

It was divided by day.

When glass was invented during the above journey of the present watch

, a long glass vessel was divided equally into two bulbs, one part of it was closed with fine sand.The sand slowly fell down from the other side. The duration of emptying a part was considered to be one hour, but the drawback was that there was a difference in the speed of falling sand. For many centuries, this method was used to measure time. In the Middle Ages, a type of clock refers to measuring pulse and time. In the 14th century, the use of watches began in Europe. Traces of a remarkable clock can be found in Milan, Italy in 1335. Later in 1370, such a watch was also invented in England, but both of them did not exist. In 1779, a French brand was developed as one of europe's oldest watches. In Britain, one good brand was produced in 1386 and another important brand was produced in 1392.

At the same time, public clocks were fitted with dials that also indicated the destinations of the moon, in which a beautiful hammer-like clock was used to tell the hour. William Harvey (1578–1657) also had such watches. But William Harvey used to detect the pulse with the help of a clock. Being a cardiologist, he used to say, "Blood from the four valves of the heart moves only on one side, the blood first goes from the right ventricle to the lungs, from there back to the left Joseph and reaches the jugular vein." With the help of the clock, he first saw his pulse. One of the existing clocks was invented in 1540. These clocks were round in structure, later flattened.

Around the end of the

15th century, the weight was replaced by spring-powered clocks. These clocks worked mechanically on their own. They were based on Galileo's observations of 1582. At these times the pendulum was swinging at equal intervals. It was an excellent invention but one drawback was that the watch could not be used in ships. For during this time it was not useful in the sea . In 1657, work was done on swinging springs instead of pendulums, keeping this research in mind, small clocks and clocks were formed in 1675 with the help of spiral springs and balance wheels. These clocks could tell somewhat accurate times despite having any position, but it was still a problem to fully measure the time.

At the beginning of

1714, the British government announced a reward of 10,000 pounds to the best watch maker, which was eventually won by a Yorkshire carpenter as a "marine timekeeper". He changed the length of the balance spring and established a mechanical system of the clock. In 1721, a pendulum was built whose glass bulb was half full of mercury, as soon as the pendulum rod was long, the mercury level was high and the clock completed its work. From 1670 to 1765, various scientists continued to research it. In 1852, good technology was used in The Big Bean. This clock installed in Westminster still gives us an idea of the time.

The concept of using watches as decoration has also existed since ancient times, it started in the Middle Ages

, when the watch making industry was developing. However, the concept of buying a watch for the common man was difficult, so the installation of watches in public places started. At the beginning of the 14th century, they were installed in churches, during which time clock towers were started to be built. The Cathedral Clock installed in Strasbourg, the "Clock Tower" in the city of Venice and the "Virgin Clock Tower" in Germany are also famous.

Some historical clocks

of Pakistan Postma in LahoreThe gharial installed in the Stern General's Office was very famous, clocks were also restored in many old buildings on Mall Road, but now their name and mark have been erased again. In Multan, Hussain comes to Ghanta Ghar Chowk just before awareness. This gharial of Multan was installed in 1884, followed by peshawar gharial in 1898 and ghanta ghar wala gharial of Faisalabad in 1903. The renovation and construction of ghanta ghar in Faisalabad is the achievement of Mr. Lyall. The clock in Gujranwala is more than a century old, which was installed in 1906, the age of sukkur's clock tower is also reaching a century, which was inaugurated by Sukkur Collector U.M. MirChandani. It was built by a local Hindu businessman Seth Wadhu Mal, similarly, the clock of karachi's ancient Empress Market also

Reminds us of the past, the clock

installed on the court of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, the ancient clocks of Egypt were run with water, the time was determined by the dripping of water from the big box, such a clock was still present at the dargah mubarak of Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar. installed. This clock is between three wood in the courtyard of the holy shrine and its schedule is related to the water dripping of water tank, so when the bowl placed on the floor is filled with dripping water, the clock sitting there rings the clock bell with a wooden hammer, which shows that a clock has been completed. Zahoor Khan Niazi, a devotee of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, says that the calculation of clocks and watches is still prevalent at the dargah of Qalandar, at night at the time of Maghrib, Isha, Tahajjud and Fajr prayers, along with this clock, the naqara is also played, which gives an idea of the right time to the residents of Sehwan and the suburbs. The calculation of the ringing of the clock is in such a way that there is one afternoon of eight clocks, one day of four watches and one day of eight watches. By ringing the clock in this way, parts of the day and night are also known. In addition, people living in remote areas are informed of the time by making sounds from nad and nafils (horns of markhor).